The geological structure surrounding Viničiek involved mainly volcanic rocks of the Tokaj súvrstvia. This is developed on the southwestern foot of the Zemplén Hills, where they continued to Hungary. Súvrstvia thickness is about 500 m. Súvrstvie consists mainly acidic volcanic rocks of type ryolitov and volcanic equivalents / rhyolite and Tuffs tufity /. In the peripheral parts of lava flow, which rapidly utuhli is abundantly appear ryolitov Vitreous variation in vitreous transition into layers perlite and obsidian.

Obsidian
Name obsidian comes from the Roman philosopher and naturalist C. Plinius Secundus. In 77 named glassy black obsidian stone, according to Roman Obsidiusa which he brought from Ethiopia. In later editions of Pliny has called Obsius, respectively. Obsius LAPIS Obsidius instead. Today is already in virtually all languages using only the name of obsidian.

Natural glass known as obsidian rise as a result of rapid cooling mainly acidic - rhyolite lav, without the possibility of crystallization of minerals. It is so dark, it appears black and opaque. The thin Ustęp is limpid and transparent, bledosivej, smoke or clear glass color. Locally there are also gray, yellow, brown and red varieties. One of the characteristics of obsidian is the disintegration / fragmentation when striking / ostrohranné into small fragments and lastúrnatý fracture. In particular, the use of his property in the past / before the time the Iron / people. Obsidian was among the most valuable resource and a very wide application not only in the manufacture of everyday objects / knives, mirrors, figurines and so on. /, But also for the production of weapons / endings copies, arrows and so on. / Among the most famous sites of volcanic glass in Europe are Area Eolských Lipari and Vulcano islands north of the islands of Melos and Sicily and Sardinia. Obsidian are also in Armenia, but also in Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. and Mexico. In Europe there are not many suitable sites, so we can be proud that one of the most famous, which played a major role in ancient history is just Viničiek area in eastern Slovakia. Obsidian, the material started to use already-called Old Stone Age Paleolithic and Mesolithic, but reached a peak use in the Early and Late Stone Age / Neolithic and Copper Age /. In archeology, the so-used. Obsidiánové dating - dating cultures according to the thickness / layers of bark, paltiny / hydrated volcanic glass. It is often a very accurate method. This is used for dating old artifacts from 200 to 200 000 years.